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Human papillomavirus (HPV) drives increasing rates of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs). This review details unique molecular and clinical features of HPV-positive OPCs, impacting diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant factor in cervical cancer etiology.
  • Prevalence of HPV in head and neck cancers, especially oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs), is rapidly increasing globally.
  • HPV is linked to approximately 90% of OPCs in Western countries, with rising rates in developing nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct tumor characteristics of HPV-induced malignancies.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular aberrations in HPV-associated cancers.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of HPV status in oropharyngeal cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HPV and oropharyngeal cancers.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways and clinical presentations of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative tumors.
  • Examination of current staging systems and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors exhibit distinct molecular profiles and clinical presentations.
  • The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) now includes HPV status in oropharyngeal cancer staging.
  • Despite differences, treatment regimens for HPV-associated cancers are often similar to HPV-negative cancers.

Conclusions:

  • HPV plays a critical role in the rising incidence of oropharyngeal cancers.
  • Understanding HPV's molecular mechanisms is crucial for advancing targeted therapies.
  • Further research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for HPV-positive OPCs.