Risk factors for HCV infection in Georgia: A case-control study

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Prior studies in Georgia identified risk factors such as injection drug use (IDU), tattoos, dental cleanings, medical injections, and blood transfusion. This study explored risk factors associated with HCV seroconversion in Georgia.

A case-control study was conducted among adults aged ≥ 18 years. A total of 299 Cases (persons who seroconverted after ≥ 2 screenings) and 436 controls (persons with ≥ 2 negative anti-HCV test results dated 90 to 364 days apart) were randomly selected from the national HCV screening database from January 2019 to November 2020. Data were collected through telephone interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Among 206/299 (68.9%) cases and 229/436 (52.5%) controls who agreed to participate, 53.8% were female and 60.5% were aged > 40 years. After adjusting for covariates, independent predictors of HCV seroconversion were age > 40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-4.01), male sex (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.34-3.34), IDU (aOR = 26.24, 95% CI: 3.27-210.43), history of invasive medical procedure (aOR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.96-5.19), ≥ 24 hours of hospitalization (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.12-3.59), and occupational performance of any invasive medical procedure (aOR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.12-6.53).

Our findings suggest that HCV seroconversions in Georgia are associated with IDU, hospitalization, and invasive medical procedures. These identified risk factors provide opportunities to further improve the prevention of HCV infection in Georgia.