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MXene-Based Microneedle Electrode for Brain-Computer Interface in Diverse Scenarios.

Yuqiu Chen1, Zixiao Fan1, Nanlin Shi1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents novel MXene microneedle electrodes for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). These dry electrodes offer high precision, biological compatibility, and robust performance in real-world conditions, advancing practical BCI applications.

Keywords:
MXenebrain computer interfacemicroneedle electrodemotion compatibilitynuclear magnetic compatibility

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) require advanced electrode technology for reliable signal acquisition.
  • Existing electrodes often face challenges with comfort, impedance, and performance in dynamic environments.
  • MXene materials offer unique conductive and biocompatible properties for novel electrode designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) framework using MXene microneedle electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes.
  • To assess the performance, compatibility, and robustness of these microneedle electrodes for practical BCI applications.
  • To investigate the potential of MXene microneedles for high-precision brain activity recording, including steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of MXene microneedle EEG electrodes with 1 mm² dimensions.
  • Integration of MXene conductive material with microneedle structures for epidermal penetration.
  • Evaluation of electrode performance, including contact impedance, EEG signal acquisition (spontaneous and induced), and SSVEP speller precision.
  • Assessment of biological compatibility, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) compatibility, and artifact generation.
  • Testing in vibrational and real-motion environments to evaluate robustness and anti-interference capabilities.

Main Results:

  • The MXene microneedle electrodes achieved low contact impedance and enabled precise SSVEP speller function.
  • Demonstrated excellent biological and NMR compatibility with minimal artifact generation and no heating effects.
  • Exhibited robust anti-interference capabilities and maintained high-fidelity EEG acquisition in vibrational and real-motion scenarios.
  • SSVEP text input accuracy in vibrational environments was comparable to traditional gel electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • MXene microneedle electrodes represent a significant advancement for BCI systems, offering a versatile and reliable dry electrode solution.
  • The developed electrodes provide high-precision signal acquisition with excellent performance and compatibility for practical, real-world BCI usage.
  • This technology facilitates the development of more effective and user-friendly BCI applications.