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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

288
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
288
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

216
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
216

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

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Everyday memory and metacognitive intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

Christopher Hertzog1, Mackenzie L Hughes2, Emily L Giannotto3

  • 1School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Everyday Memory and Metacognitive Intervention (EMMI) did not improve everyday memory failures in older adults. However, it enhanced memory self-efficacy, suggesting potential for improving subjective experiences of memory.

Keywords:
Cognitive agingeveryday functioninginterventionmemory trainingmetacognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Everyday memory difficulties are common in older adults.
  • Metacognitive strategies can potentially enhance memory functioning.
  • The Everyday Memory and Metacognitive Intervention (EMMI) aims to improve memory by linking awareness of cognitive demands to strategy use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the EMMI intervention on everyday memory functioning and subjective memory in older adults.
  • To compare EMMI's impact against an active control group trained in mnemonic strategies.
  • To assess changes in objective and subjective memory measures using ecological momentary assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with EMMI and active control groups.
  • Ecological momentary assessment via smartphone app to track everyday memory failures.
  • Pretest to posttest evaluation of objective and subjective memory measures.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were found between groups in everyday memory failures or prospective memory.
  • Both groups showed improvements in subjective memory ability.
  • The EMMI group demonstrated greater improvements in memory self-efficacy.
  • The control group showed specific improvements in associative memory post-training.

Conclusions:

  • EMMI did not yield the expected improvements in objective everyday memory functioning.
  • The intervention shows potential for enhancing subjective memory experiences and self-efficacy in older adults.
  • Future refinements to EMMI could potentially lead to measurable improvements in everyday memory performance.