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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

3D Printing of Preclinical X-ray Computed Tomographic Data Sets

3D Printing of Preclinical X-ray Computed Tomographic Data Sets

Published on: March 22, 2013

Three-Dimensional-Printed Models and Shared Decision-Making: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aimal Khan¹, Georgina E Sellyn², Danish Ali¹

¹Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

JAMA Network Open

|June 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D)-printed models enhance shared decision-making (SDM) and reduce anxiety for patients undergoing colorectal surgery. These models improve patient engagement and understanding in preoperative consultations.

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Area of Science:

Surgical Education
Medical Imaging and Modeling
Patient-Centered Care

Background:

Patients undergoing surgery often experience anxiety and a lack of involvement in decision-making.
Three-dimensional (3D)-printed models offer a novel approach to patient education and engagement.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of 3D-printed anatomic models on shared decision-making (SDM) and preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing colon or rectal resection.
To assess the effectiveness of 3D models in improving patient understanding and reducing anxiety during surgical consultations.

Main Methods:

A single-center cluster randomized clinical trial involving six surgeons and 51 adult patients scheduled for colorectal resection.
Surgeons were randomized to use 3D-printed models or provide usual care during preoperative consultations.
Outcomes included patient perception of SDM (Shared Decision Making Questionnaire) and anxiety levels (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).

Main Results:

Patients counseled with 3D-printed models reported significantly higher involvement in SDM compared to the usual care group (89.5 vs 80.5, P=.01).
The use of 3D-printed models led to a significant reduction in patient anxiety scores (mean change from 53.5 to 44.1) compared to conventional methods (mean change from 50.4 to 48.0, P=.04).

Conclusions:

Counseling with 3D-printed models significantly improves shared decision-making and reduces anxiety in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
3D-printed models show potential as valuable tools for enhancing patient-clinician collaboration and communication in surgical settings.
Further research in diverse clinical settings is recommended to explore the broader implementation and effectiveness of 3D-printed models.