Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

55.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
55.4K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

706
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
706
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

4.8K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.8K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

252
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
252
Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

6.7K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
6.7K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

6.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
6.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Visuomotor flexibility is embedded in the topography of frontal cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Brain-like border ownership signals support prediction of natural videos.

iScience·2025
Same author

Brain state and cortical layer-specific mechanisms underlying perception at threshold.

eLife·2024
Same author

Brain-like border ownership signals support prediction of natural videos.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Acute Neuropixels Recordings in the Marmoset Monkey.

eNeuro·2024
Same author

Grouping cells in primate visual cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same journal

Higher-order thalamic bursts are drivers of attention control.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Composing trajectories for rapid inference of navigational goals.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Peri-head distance coding in the mouse brainstem.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

A two-timepoint framework for sensitive and specific single-cell activity screening.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

From first impressions to bonds: The neural dynamics of social relationships.

Neuron·2026
Same journal

Early visual experience elicits cellular and functional plasticity in the retina and alters behavior.

Neuron·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.4K

Grouping signals in primate visual cortex.

Tom P Franken1, John H Reynolds2

  • 1Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Neuron
|June 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurons in visual area V4 create a grouping signal that helps maintain object perception stability during eye movements. This signal aids border ownership (BOS) in V2, ensuring continuous surface segmentation.

Keywords:
area V2area V4border ownershipfeedbackgrouping cellhysteresisluminance contrastsaccadescene segmentationshort-term memory

More Related Videos

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging
11:24

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

13.8K
Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.4K
Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging
11:24

Targeted Labeling of Neurons in a Specific Functional Micro-domain of the Neocortex by Combining Intrinsic Signal and Two-photon Imaging

Published on: December 12, 2012

13.8K
Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Perception of stable scenes despite eye movements relies on neural mechanisms.
  • Neurons in visual area V2 exhibit border ownership (BOS) signaling, persisting after stimulus removal and transferring across eye movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and properties of a hypothetical grouping signal downstream of V2.
  • To determine if this grouping signal could underlie the persistent border ownership (BOS) in V2.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings were performed in macaque V4.
  • Neuronal responses were analyzed in relation to visual stimuli and eye movements.

Main Results:

  • A grouping signal was identified in V4 neurons, characterized by a persistent pattern of preferred ownership.
  • This V4 grouping signal occurred rapidly enough to potentially influence BOS in V2.
  • V4 neurons showed weaker tuning for contrast polarity compared to V2 BOS neurons.

Conclusions:

  • V4 neurons provide a grouping signal that contributes to the spatiotemporal continuity of segmented surfaces.
  • A division of labor exists between V4 grouping signals and V2 BOS neurons for feature integration.