Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.0K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

9.8K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
9.8K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.2K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.2K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

11.5K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
11.5K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.3K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.3K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.3K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Stabilizing and strengthening the US physician-scientist faculty workforce in academic medicine: a proposed institutional framework.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

Zebrafish otic vesicle and mouse epididymis as model systems for studying columnar epithelial cell division.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

JACC: Basic to Translational Science: Honoring the Top Reviewers of 2024.

JACC. Basic to translational science·2025
Same author

Timothy Syndrome and CACNA1C-Related Disorder: First International Language and Management Guidelines Consensus Statement.

Research square·2025
Same author

FGF13 is not secreted from neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

FGF13 is not secreted from mouse neurons.

JCI insight·2025
Same journal

A human-specific genetic modifier reconfigures large-scale cortical network dynamics underlying behavioral performance.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> uses a eukaryotic-like uridyltransferase to make UDP-GlcNAc for cell wall synthesis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic redistribution of eIF4F controls cap-dependent translation initiation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

When does additional information improve accuracy of RNA secondary structure prediction?

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Normative brain-state trajectories reveal deviation from healthy aging in Alzheimer's disease.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Noradrenergic infraslow rhythm during sleep is the critical link between heart-rate dynamics and memory consolidation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
00:07

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.4K

Macromolecular interactions dictate Polycomb-mediated epigenetic repression.

Christian Much1,2, Sandy M Rajkumar1,2,3, Liming Chen1,2,3

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) subcomplexes have distinct roles in gene repression and stem cell differentiation. Specific interactions reveal how PRC2 regulates cardiomyocyte development and function.

More Related Videos

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

8.4K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
00:07

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.4K
Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

8.4K
Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Dynamic epigenetic regulation involves complex macromolecular interactions.
  • Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) deposits H3K27me3, forming distinct subcomplexes (e.g., PRC2.1, PRC2.2) with unclear, potentially redundant functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct roles of PRC2 subcomplexes in epigenetic repression of lineage-specific genes.
  • To understand the specific functions of PRC2 subcomplexes during human stem cell differentiation, particularly in cardiomyocyte development.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered separation-of-function mutants in a human pluripotent stem cell model.
  • Dissected individual protein-protein and DNA-protein interactions within PRC2 subcomplexes.
  • Analyzed locus-specific H3K27me3 deposition and its impact on gene expression and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • PRC2.1 and PRC2.2 exhibit locus-specific H3K27me3 deposition, leading to opposing effects on cardiomyocyte differentiation.
  • MTF2-PRC2.1 stimulates repression in stem cells and cardiac differentiation via DNA and H3K36me3 interactions.
  • PHF19 antagonizes MTF2-PRC2.1 activity, while MTF2-PRC2.1 is crucial for normal cardiomyocyte function.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2 subcomplexes possess specific, non-redundant functions in epigenetic gene repression.
  • Individual macromolecular interactions within PRC2 are critical for precise Polycomb-mediated epigenetic regulation in human stem cells and differentiation.
  • Understanding these specific interactions is key to deciphering complex epigenetic control during development.