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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Diffusion-weighted GRASE sequence with 3D navigator for high-resolution time-dependent diffusion MRI in the human

Haotian Li¹, Qinfeng Zhu¹, Jie Lu¹

¹Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|June 5, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a 3D navigator-based diffusion MRI sequence for high-resolution brain imaging. The advanced method effectively corrects phase errors, revealing complex microstructures in the human cortex.

Keywords:

3D GRASE 3D navigator diffusion MRI diffusion dispersion exponent phase error time dependence

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Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

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Published on: November 8, 2012

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

Published on: May 10, 2012

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Published on: July 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Biophysics
Medical Physics

Background:

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) with oscillating gradients (OG) and pulsed gradients (PG) characterizes tissue microstructure by analyzing diffusion-weighted signals at varying diffusion times (t_d).
Acquiring high-resolution dMRI data, especially for whole-brain scans, presents challenges in phase correction between multiple acquisition shots.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an advanced three-dimensional (3D) navigator-based diffusion-weighted 3D gradient spin-echo (DW-GRASE) sequence.
To enable high-resolution whole-brain OG and PG dMRI acquisition with improved phase correction.

Main Methods:

A 3D navigator was developed for phase correction in the 3D DW-GRASE sequence.
OG and PG dMRI were acquired at 1.5-mm isotropic resolution with varying frequencies and t_d (20-40 ms).
The performance of 2D and 3D navigator strategies was compared using the ghost-to-signal ratio; t_d-dependency was assessed via diffusion dispersion exponent (θ).

Main Results:

The 3D navigator strategy significantly reduced the ghost-to-signal ratio compared to 2D navigators, demonstrating effective phase error correction.
Higher θ values were observed in sensory and motor regions than in higher-order cortical regions, suggesting more complex microstructures in the latter.
The sequence achieved high-resolution t_d-dependent dMRI.

Conclusions:

The 3D navigator-based OG DW-GRASE sequence effectively corrects phase errors in multi-shot acquisitions.
This technique holds potential for high-resolution, t_d-dependent dMRI to reveal microstructural properties of the human cortex.