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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Stroke Mortality Risk Factors: Global Trends and Regional Variations (1990-2021).

Dengpan Song1, Dingkang Xu2, Kaiyuan Zhang1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|June 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke deaths are significantly influenced by risk factors like high blood pressure, particularly in low-income regions and among older men. Targeted prevention strategies are crucial for reducing global stroke mortality.

Keywords:
deathglobal burden of diseaseintracerebral hemorrhagerisk factorstrokesubarachnoid hemorrhage

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Stroke represents a substantial global health burden with numerous contributing risk factors.
  • Analysis of stroke mortality trends and risk factors is essential for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the risk factors associated with death from three primary stroke subtypes: ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • To examine these risk factors using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database spanning from 1990 to 2021.

Main Methods:

  • Examined risk factors for death across ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Utilized the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) to assess socioeconomic development's impact on disease burden.
  • Calculated age-standardized death rates and estimated annual percentage changes to identify trends.

Main Results:

  • In 2021, age-standardized death rates per 100,000 were 44.18 for ischemic stroke, 39.09 for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 4.18 for subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Risk factors varied by region, age, and sex, with greater impact in low-SDI regions, among older individuals, and men.
  • High systolic blood pressure is the leading risk factor; high BMI and air pollution show increasing death rates, especially in lower-SDI regions.

Conclusions:

  • Future stroke mortality prevention should prioritize low-SDI regions, older populations, and men.
  • Controlling high blood pressure and improving environmental factors like air pollution are key to reducing stroke burden.