Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Transdermal Estradiol Patches in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Same author

Assessing Visual Contributions to the Perception of Speech in Noise.

Trends in hearing·2026

Same author

The Vulnerability Typology: Developing a Biopsychosocial-Sexual Understanding of Men With Sexual Interests in Children.

Sexual offending (Trier, Germany)·2026

Same author

Spatial Filters-In Search of the Virtual Electrode.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026

Same author

An efficient continuous-tone procedure for the study of frequency discrimination.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025

Same author

Static spectral cues serve as perceptual anchors in vowel recognition across a broad range of fundamental frequencies.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2025

Same journal

Genetic Impacts on Variability of Body Fat Distribution Uncover Gene-Environment and Gene-Gene Interactions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

16S ribosomal RNA modification drives transcript-specific translation efficiency.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

FlcE latches onto the FliL-stator complex to turbocharge flagellar motility in <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Synaptic pruning, myelination and the emergence of psychiatric disorders in late adolescence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

Structural and functional insights into the Rcs phosphorelay.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same journal

The structural basis of RanGAP1 regulation and catalysis in nuclear transport.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

Published on: August 2, 2016

Rapid FFR: A rapid method for obtaining Frequency Following Responses.

Jonas Huber¹, Tim Schoof¹, Hannah Stewart²

¹Department of Speech, Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, UCL, UK.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|June 6, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Rapid Frequency-Following Response (FFR) technique significantly improves recording efficiency and maintains reliability, offering a faster alternative for auditory measurements in research and clinics.

More Related Videos

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

Published on: March 25, 2014

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 14, 2025

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

Published on: August 2, 2016

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

Published on: March 25, 2014

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Auditory Neuroscience
Neurophysiology
Signal Processing

Background:

Conventional Frequency-Following Response (FFR) recordings are time-intensive due to long stimulus durations and numerous repetitions.
Robust FFRs typically require averaging across approximately 3000 stimulus repetitions, limiting practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate the Rapid FFR, a novel technique minimizing recording time.
To compare the performance and test-retest reliability of Rapid FFR against conventional methods.
To investigate potential neural adaptation during extended Rapid FFR recordings.

Main Methods:

Developed the Rapid FFR by presenting stimuli continuously without inter-stimulus intervals and averaging individual response cycles.
Compared Rapid FFR (approx. 1 minute) with standard FFR (1500 trials) using a 128 Hz sawtooth wave in 16 participants.
Assessed adaptation by recording Rapid FFR continuously for nine minutes in 21 participants.

Main Results:

Rapid FFR yielded significantly higher Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) than standard FFR, indicating enhanced efficiency.
Both methods demonstrated reliable test-retest performance and comparable frequency-domain patterns, especially for lower harmonics (F0-H3).
Prolonged Rapid FFR recordings showed stable amplitudes, with no evidence of neural adaptation or response fatigue.

Conclusions:

The Rapid FFR provides a time-efficient, reliable alternative to conventional FFR protocols.
This method is suitable for populations with limited recording tolerance (e.g., infants, clinical settings) and facilitates extensive experimental designs.
Rapid FFR shows promise for advancing auditory research and clinical diagnostics.