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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

152
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
152
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
2
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:22

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

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Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
144
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

3
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
3
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet
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[Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension].

Thomas Lacoste-Palasset1, Mitja Jevnikar1, Xavier Jaïs1

  • 1Service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire, hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; université Paris-Saclay, faculté de médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Inserm UMR-S 999, hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.

La Revue Du Praticien
|June 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) arises after pulmonary embolism (PE). Diagnosis involves right heart catheterization and imaging, with treatments including surgery, medication, or angioplasty.

Keywords:
Hypertension, Pulmonary

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) often follows acute pulmonary embolism (PE).
  • Persistent dyspnea post-PE warrants screening for CTEPH, especially with risk factors.
  • CTEPH is frequently diagnosed during pulmonary hypertension (PH) evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic pathway for CTEPH.
  • To detail the diagnostic criteria for CTEPH.
  • To present the available treatment modalities for CTEPH.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiography and ventilation-perfusion lung scans for screening.
  • Right heart catheterization for PH confirmation.
  • CT pulmonary angiography and/or conventional pulmonary angiography for lesion identification.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic confirmation requires demonstrating PH via right heart catheterization.
  • Imaging must reveal characteristic chronic thromboembolic lesions.
  • Treatment decisions are guided by obstruction location, hemodynamic severity, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Effective anticoagulation is recommended for all CTEPH patients.
  • Treatment options for CTEPH include pulmonary endarterectomy, medical therapy, and balloon pulmonary angioplasty.
  • Treatment selection depends on individual patient factors and disease characteristics.