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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Artificial solid electrolyte interphases by atomic and molecular layer deposition.

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  • 1Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland. maarit.karppinen@aalto.fi.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) offer precise control for creating protective coatings on Li-ion battery components. These advanced thin film techniques enhance battery performance and longevity by mimicking natural solid-electrolyte interphase layers.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) excel at creating uniform, conformal, pinhole-free thin films with sub-nanometer precision.
  • These techniques are highly suitable for coating complex 3D structures and powders, crucial for advanced energy storage applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of ALD and MLD for fabricating ultrathin protective coatings on Li-ion battery components.
  • To highlight advancements in materials used for these coatings, focusing on improved ionic conductivity, Li-ion kinetics, and mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ALD and MLD applications in Li-ion battery research.
  • Analysis of material choices, including Al2O3, Li-based materials, and metal-organics.
  • Discussion on mimicking solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers with carbonate species.

Main Results:

  • ALD and MLD enable the fabrication of conformal coatings that enhance Li-ion battery performance and lifetime.
  • Recent research explores Li-based materials and metal-organics for improved ionic conductivity, kinetics, and mechanical flexibility.
  • Incorporation of carbonate species in coatings aims to replicate natural SEI layers.

Conclusions:

  • ALD and MLD are promising techniques for developing advanced protective coatings for Li-ion batteries.
  • Further research is needed to optimize coating materials and deposition processes for enhanced battery functionality.
  • Addressing challenges in material selection and mimicking SEI properties will drive future progress in battery technology.