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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Modified criteria for identifying elevated bone mass.

Jiangjie Chen^1,2, Lingling Cao³, Chenghao Xu¹

¹Bone Metabolism and Development Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, 150 Ximen St., Linhai, 317000, Zhejiang, China.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA

|June 6, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), severe lumbar degenerative disease (LDD), elevated body mass index (BMI), and diabetes are key risk factors for super elevated bone mass (SEBM). Modified criteria were used to exclude osteoporosis and osteopenia from EBM.

Keywords:

Bone mineral density Comorbidities Diagnosis criteria Elevated bone mass

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Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography

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Published on: December 9, 2022

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

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Published on: April 14, 2016

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Orthopedics
Radiology

Background:

Elevated bone mass (EBM) criteria can paradoxically include osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Modified criteria are needed to accurately define and study EBM and its subtypes.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply modified criteria excluding osteoporosis/osteopenia from EBM.
To investigate the clinical impact and risk factors of EBM, particularly super EBM (SEBM).

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) data (2021-2023) from 33,479 participants (≥18 years).
Defined Normal Bone Mass (NBM), EBM, moderate EBM (MEBM), and SEBM based on Z-scores.
Collected and analyzed demographic data, medical history, and comorbidities.

Main Results:

4.4% of participants had EBM (3.8% MEBM, 0.6% SEBM).
SEBM group showed higher prevalence of men, higher BMI, and increased rates of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), severe lumbar degenerative disease (LDD), and diabetes.
CHAID analysis identified DISH as the strongest predictor of SEBM, followed by LDD, BMI, and diabetes.

Conclusions:

Modified EBM criteria excluding osteopenia/osteoporosis reveal higher comorbidity rates in SEBM compared to MEBM.
DISH, severe LDD, elevated BMI, and diabetes are significant risk factors for SEBM.