Are hospital experience scores correlated with patient-reported outcome measures following elective spine surgery?

Patient experience scores are hospital-centric metrics, which are becoming increasingly important in healthcare quality assessment; however, the factors that influence these scores are poorly defined. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a nationally administered, publicly reported patient experience survey that exerts a major influence on hospital reimbursement by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between HCAHPS scores and postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) up to 5 years after elective cervical and thoracolumbar spine surgery.

All patients who had undergone elective spine surgery at a single academic tertiary center in 2010-2019 were potentially eligible for study inclusion. PROMs used in the study included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 10-Item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global Health survey (PROMIS GH-10) global mental health (GMH) and global physical health (GPH) parameters, and patient acceptable symptom state for neck and back. Patients were excluded for surgical indications such as trauma, infection, or neoplasia or for missing PROM data. HCAHPS scores were collected from the electronic medical record and had been originally obtained via text message. Correlation analysis and longitudinal data analysis were used to assess relationships between PROMs and HCAHPS scores (α = 0.05).

Three hundred ninety-seven patients with recorded PROMs were included in the study; 124 had undergone elective cervical surgery and 273 had undergone thoracolumbar surgery. HCAHPS scores showed small but significant correlations with NDI and the PROMIS GMH component 6 months after cervical surgery; however, no significant correlations were seen beyond 6 months. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between HCAHPS and postoperative PROMs following thoracolumbar surgery.

Hospital experience scores, as assessed using the HCAHPS, show limited correlation with PROMs after elective spine surgery. While the HCAHPS currently plays a critical role for the CMS in determining hospital reimbursement rates, the study findings suggest that patient perceptions of inpatient care do not necessarily reflect their long-term functional outcomes. This result highlights the need for a multidimensional approach to evaluating healthcare quality, incorporating both short-term patient satisfaction and meaningful, enduring improvements in clinical outcomes.