A novel fluorescent probe for the detection of H₂O₂ in multiple food matrices and biological samples

To address the risk of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) abuse during food processing, this paper developed a naphthylimine fluorescent probe, DN-H₂O₂, based on the intramolecular charge transfer mechanism (ICT). Activation of the ICT mechanism through the interaction of boronic acid groups with H₂O₂ enables H₂O₂ fluorescence detection. The probe has a low detection limit (3.8 μM), a fast response time (20 min), and is capable of fluorescent detection of H₂O₂ over a wide pH range (5.2-11.1). In addition, the detection of H₂O₂ can be realized in complex food matrices with less interference from the matrix. DN-H₂O₂ identifies H₂O₂-contaminated food products under UV light, enabling device-free screening. Its versatility also extends to biology, including fluorescence imaging of onions, Arabidopsis, cells, zebrafish and nematodes. With the advantages of simple synthesis, low toxicity, and ease of handling, it offers a promising tool for laboratory analysis, food safety testing, and biological research.