Carbon emission monitoring and control technology for ships: a review

The research and applications of the carbon emission monitoring and control technology are crucial to significantly cut down the carbon emissions of the shipping industry. However, there is still a lack of thorough investigation and analysis of the carbon emission monitoring and control technologies for shipping decarbonization, making it hard to achieve further advancement and wider applications. Thus, a comprehensive analysis on the carbon monitoring and analysis, carbon capture (including the pre-combustion capture, oxygen-enriched combustion, and post-combustion capture), carbon utilization (including synthetic fuels, mineralized products, and refrigeration applications), and the carbon transportation and storage (including ship transportation and pipeline transportation, as well as ocean storage and geological sequestration) are comprehensively analyzed in this paper. On these foundations, the challenges in employing the carbon control technology on ships are discussed and the future research directions are proposed to provide guidance for the advancement and applications of the carbon control technology for ships. The analysis results show that the applications of carbon control technology on ships can significantly decrease carbon emissions. To promote the further development and wider applications of ship carbon control and hence contributing to the shipping decarbonization, the challenges on regulations, technologies and applications should be further addressed.