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Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes TILLING Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis

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Modern elite winter wheat cultivars use two physiological pathways to achieve yield stability.

Tien-Cheng Wang^1,2, Li-Yu Liu³, Kirsten Weiß⁴

¹Section of Intensive Plant Food Systems, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|June 7, 2025

Summary

Breeding stable winter wheat requires understanding genotype-environment interactions. Agronomic practices promoting grain number and specific physiological strategies in elite cultivars enhance yield stability.

Keywords:

Triticum aestivum L Agronomic management field phenotyping genotypic strategies physiological mechanism source–sink balance stay-green water-soluble carbohydrate

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Plant Breeding
Agronomy

Background:

Achieving stable, high-yielding winter wheat cultivars is complex due to genotype, environment, and management interactions.
Identifying key traits for yield stability is crucial for effective breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how genotypic strategies and agronomic management influence winter wheat yield stability.
To identify specific traits and physiological pathways contributing to stable grain production.

Main Methods:

Conducted three years of field experiments with eight elite winter wheat cultivars.
Applied varied nitrogen levels, fertilizer timing, and sowing dates.
Performed detailed phenotyping of 130 traits, analyzing 40,557 trait values using correlation and multivariate analyses.

Main Results:

Management practices that increase grain number significantly enhanced yield stability.
Nitrogen levels affected the impact of fertilizer timing and sowing dates on stability.
Elite cultivars employ two distinct strategies for genotypic yield stability: one focusing on tiller/grain number and stay-green, the other on grain length and carbon remobilization.

Conclusions:

Agronomic management, particularly promoting grain number, is vital for enhancing winter wheat yield stability.
Modern cultivars utilize diverse physiological strategies to achieve yield stability, offering multiple avenues for breeding.
Integrating insights into these physiological pathways can guide the selection of trait combinations for improved winter wheat breeding.