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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

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Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
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¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

878
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
878
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

657
Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
657
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

811
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
811
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

162
Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
162
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.0K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

15N CPMG Relaxation Dispersion for the Investigation of Protein Conformational Dynamics on the µs-ms Timescale
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Open-source compact time-domain hydrogen (1H) NMR System for Field Deployment.

Winford Janvrin1, Jacob Martin1,2, Daniel Hancock1,2

  • 1University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia SC, United States.

Hardwarex
|June 9, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-cost, compact time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) system for material analysis using relaxation times. The affordable, portable platform enables accessible nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications beyond traditional labs.

Keywords:
CPMGCompact Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Environmental monitoringHydrogen NMRPulsed NMR systemTime-domain NMR (TD-NMR)

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers are expensive and complex.
  • Material property analysis often requires specialized equipment and expertise.
  • There is a need for accessible, portable analytical tools for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, low-cost time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) system for in-situ 1H measurements.
  • To enable material property analysis by focusing on relaxation times (T2) rather than chemical shifts.
  • To create an affordable and accessible platform for democratizing NMR technology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 0.5 T permanent magnet for a compact TD-NMR system.
  • Employed an off-the-shelf data acquisition system and custom PCB for signal conditioning.
  • Implemented the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence for T2 relaxation measurements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient T2 relaxation measurements even with varying magnetic susceptibilities.
  • Validated the system by correlating T2 values with copper concentrations in solutions, simulating heavy metal monitoring.
  • Achieved enhanced signal-to-noise ratios in low-field conditions suitable for challenging environments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TD-NMR system offers a cost-effective and portable solution for material characterization.
  • The system's focus on relaxation times simplifies analysis and broadens NMR applicability.
  • The open-source design promotes wider adoption in educational and professional settings.