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Modular "Plug-and-Play" Photometer Based on IoT Digital Light Sensors: A DIY Approach for In Situ Analysis.

Diogo M de Jesus1, Felippe Delaqua2, João Flávio da Silveira Petruci1

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A new modular photometer uses low-cost sensors for accurate on-site analysis. It measures sulfide and urea in wastewater and automotive fluids, offering a portable and sustainable solution for resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Portable photometers offer analytical capabilities but are limited by detector spectral range.
  • Commercially available digital light sensors vary in performance based on detector material.
  • Developing cost-effective, adaptable photometers is crucial for on-site analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a modular, DIY, plug-and-play photometer for quantitative absorbance measurements.
  • To assess the performance of four digital light sensors (BH1750, TSL2591, LTR329, LTR303) for detecting colored solutions.
  • To demonstrate the photometer's application in determining sulfide and urea concentrations in real-world samples.

Main Methods:

  • A modular photometer was constructed using an LED light source (635 nm) and an Adafruit ESP32-S3 microcontroller.
  • Four digital light sensors were tested for their spectral coverage and suitability for absorbance measurements.
  • The photometer was utilized for sulfide determination via the methylene blue method and urea quantification using the Schiff reaction.

Main Results:

  • LTR329 and LTR303 sensors exhibited optimal performance due to their broad spectral coverage.
  • The photometer achieved comparable results to official methods for sulfide (0.26-3.00 mg L⁻¹) and urea (0.20-3.00% w/v) analysis.
  • Detection limits were established at 0.09 mg L⁻¹ for sulfide and 0.06% (w/v) for urea.

Conclusions:

  • The developed modular photometer is a reliable, portable, and sustainable tool for on-site analytical measurements.
  • Its adaptability and ease of use make it suitable for resource-limited environments.
  • The device demonstrates significant potential for environmental monitoring and various analytical applications.