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Post-Covid-19 Symptoms in Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Julie Bennett1, Mona Jeffreys2, Andrew Waa1

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
|June 9, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Following the first widespread COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) outbreak in New Zealand, over one-fifth of children reported persistent symptoms. These post-COVID-19 symptoms significantly impacted children's daily lives, highlighting the importance of infection prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Aotearoa New Zealand experienced its first widespread community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) in February 2022.
  • Understanding the health impacts of COVID-19 on children is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the self-reported or parental-rated health status of children aged 3-20 years in New Zealand after the initial community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To identify the prevalence and nature of persistent symptoms following COVID-19 infection in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study surveyed 4264 children and young adults via telephone between November 2022 and April 2023.
  • Participants were recruited from the New Zealand Health Survey, with consent for follow-up contact.
  • Ordinal logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between COVID-19 infection and self-reported health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 70.6% of participants reported a positive COVID-19 test result (PCR or RAT).
  • Post-COVID-19, 24.5% experienced increased frequency of coughs, colds, and stomach bugs; 21.7% reported headaches; 20.6% fatigue; 14.6% stomach aches; and 13.1% new anxiety.
  • Children who had contracted COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report poorer health status compared to those who had not (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • More than one-fifth of New Zealand children reported ongoing symptoms after COVID-19 infection.
  • These post-COVID-19 symptoms negatively affected children's quality of life.
  • Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to mitigate the occurrence of long-term symptoms in children.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenfatigueheadacheslong Covidpost‐Covid symptomsyoung people

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