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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
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Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats.

Annie K Ryan1, Tyler Heisler-Taylor2, Stephanie M Small3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents two methods for delivering therapeutics to the rat eye: intravitreal injection (IVI) and retrobulbar injection (RBI). Both techniques successfully delivered cyclosporine to the retina and optic nerve for 24 hours.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Therapeutic delivery to the posterior eye (retina, optic nerve) is challenging due to biological barriers.
  • Small animal models, like rats, are crucial for studying ocular diseases and testing treatments.
  • Effective posterior eye drug delivery is essential for treating various vision-threatening disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and validate two posterior therapeutic delivery techniques in adult rats: intravitreal injection (IVI) and retrobulbar injection (RBI).
  • To introduce a reliable method for en bloc eye and optic nerve removal for histological and molecular analysis.
  • To assess the successful delivery and distribution of a therapeutic agent to the retina and optic nerve.

Main Methods:

  • Adult rats underwent either intravitreal injection (IVI) or retrobulbar injection (RBI) with cyclosporine.
  • A protocol for en bloc removal of eyes and optic nerves was employed for post-mortem analysis.
  • Cyclosporine concentrations in retinal and optic nerve tissues were measured 24 hours post-injection.

Main Results:

  • Both IVI and RBI successfully delivered cyclosporine to the retina and optic nerve in rats.
  • Detectable concentrations of cyclosporine were found in target tissues 24 hours after administration.
  • En bloc removal facilitated comprehensive histological analysis of the neuro-visual system.

Conclusions:

  • Intravitreal injection and retrobulbar injection are effective methods for posterior eye drug delivery in rat models.
  • The en bloc dissection technique supports detailed analysis of ocular tissues for research.
  • These methods advance the study of ocular pathologies and therapeutic interventions in preclinical models.