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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

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Plant long noncoding RNAs: why do we not know more?

Paulina Kościelniak1, Łukasz Walas2, Agata Konecka3

  • 1Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61614, Poznań, Poland.

Biological Research
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Plant genomic databases lag behind human and animal resources due to complexity and funding. Understanding long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plants, especially trees, is crucial for agriculture and climate change resilience.

Keywords:
CoexpressionComputational analysesEpitranscriptomeGenome duplicationGenome sizePlantsPolyploidizationSpecies rangelncRNAmiRNA

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A Bioinformatics Pipeline to Accurately and Efficiently Analyze the MicroRNA Transcriptomes in Plants
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Human and animal genomic databases are well-developed, aiding disease research and personalized medicine.
  • Plant genomic databases are rapidly advancing but less comprehensive due to genome complexity and lower funding.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vital for organism development, but their study in plants faces significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of knowledge on plant lncRNAs.
  • To highlight obstacles in plant lncRNA research, particularly in forest trees.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNA research in revolutionizing agriculture and forestry.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of genomic database development across species.
  • Review of challenges in plant genome and lncRNA research (complexity, polyploidy, epigenetics).
  • Exploration of computational approaches for advancing lncRNA studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant disparities exist in genomic database comprehensiveness between plants and other kingdoms.
  • Plant genome complexity, including polyploidy and epigenetic modifications, complicates lncRNA research.
  • lncRNAs in plants, especially forest trees, offer potential for climate change adaptation in agriculture and forestry.

Conclusions:

  • Robust and complete plant lncRNA databases are urgently needed.
  • Computational analyses are key to overcoming research challenges.
  • lncRNA research in forest trees is critical for addressing global environmental challenges and enhancing agricultural resilience.