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Anti-Cancer Role of Ellagic Acid by Modulating the Altered PI3K/PTEN/Akt Pathway in Bladder Cancer

Satya Sahay1, Deepika Trehan2, Ranbala Kumari3

  • 1Lab-CRIB, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Delhi 110029, India.

Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology : Official Organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer
|June 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Ellagic acid (EA) shows potential in treating bladder cancer (BCa). It targets the PTEN/Akt pathway, reducing cancer cell viability and promoting apoptosis in BCa models.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bladder cancer (BCa) is a significant health concern, particularly in men.
  • Improved therapeutic strategies and understanding of BCa progression are crucial for better survival rates.
  • The PTEN/Akt pathway plays a critical role in cancer development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate PTEN/Akt expression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ellagic acid (EA) in modulating the PTEN/Akt pathway in BCa.
  • To analyze the effects of EA on BCa cell lines T24 and 5637.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PTEN and p-Akt expression in 70 BCa patient tissue samples.
  • Treatment of human BCa cell lines (T24, 5637) with varying doses of EA.
  • Assessment of cell viability, inflammation markers (NF-κB, COX-2), invasion (MMP-9), apoptosis (caspase cascade), and PTEN/Akt pathway activity.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cells exhibited low PTEN expression or loss, with concurrent overexpression of p-Akt.
  • EA treatment significantly reduced BCa cell viability, inflammation, and invasion.
  • EA induced apoptosis and suppressed the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Altered PTEN/Akt pathway expression (low PTEN, high p-Akt) is associated with BCa.
  • Ellagic acid demonstrates significant anti-cancer effects against BCa cell lines.
  • Patients with altered PTEN/Akt pathway may benefit from EA-based therapies for bladder cancer.

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