The intersection between metabolism and translation through a subcellular lens

The crosstalk between metabolism and mRNA translation (protein synthesis) is crucial for modulating cellular physiology. Signals from metabolic pathways or various metabolic states can influence multiple aspects of RNA biology and translation machinery. In turn, cells can reprogram their metabolism by controlling mRNA translation. Current studies have revealed that localized mRNA translation is specifically regulated by distinct metabolic states, suggesting the existence of specialized subcellular machinery that coordinates this interplay. This review aims to explore recent discoveries and provide an overview of the specialized methodologies developed in recent years on novel modes of translation-metabolism cross-regulation by subcellular localized cues. Spatial compartmentalization, especially in the context of metabolism and mRNA translation, offers a unique advantage, providing a novel mechanism for cellular regulation and function.