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Updated: Jun 14, 2026
Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation HD-tDCS
Published on: July 14, 2013
High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Healthy Individuals:
Ruihan Wan1,2,3,4,5, Haozhi Zhao1,3,4,5, Xue Jiang1,3,4,6
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background:
This study investigates whether anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) enhances exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) and explores brain plasticity changes using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Methods:
Thirty-nine participants were randomly assigned to either the active (n = 19) or sham HD-tDCS (n = 20) group. Both groups performed 25 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise followed by 20 min of either active or sham HD-tDCS applied to the left primary motor cortex (M1).
Primary Outcome:
pressure pain threshold (PPT) at a local site.
Secondary Outcomes:
PPT at a remote site, cold pain threshold (CPT), and brain activation changes via fNIRS during the cold pressor test.
Results:
Both groups showed significant increases in PPTleg (active: from 42.21 ± 11.77 N to 51.29 ± 12.75 N; sham: from 41.41 ± 9.73 N to 45.29 ± 12.05 N, p < 0.001) and PPTforearm (active: from 31.69 ± 6.06 N to 36.99 ± 6.35 N; sham: from 32.66 ± 7.34 N to 37.08 ± 10.56 N, p < 0.001). The active group showed a significantly greater increase in PPTleg compared to the sham group (9.08 ± 8.01 N vs. 3.69 ± 4.36 N, p < 0.012). fNIRS analysis revealed significant changes in specific cortical channels in the active group (p < 0.05), with a negative correlation between cortical activation in CH16 and PPTleg (r = -0.405, p = 0.011).
Conclusion:
HD-tDCS over M1 enhances EIH and is associated with increased brain activation in sensory-motor processing areas.
Trial Registration:
Clinical trial registration: ChiCTR2100048146.
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