Achieving COVID-19 herd immunity in Ethiopia

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Ethiopia experienced substantial societal and economic impact from COVID-19, with high case and death tolls.
• Vaccination commenced in March 2021, but coverage lagged significantly behind global averages, jeopardizing herd immunity goals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze Ethiopia's COVID-19 vaccination efforts.
• To identify key challenges hindering vaccine uptake and distribution.
• To provide recommendations for improving vaccination strategies and achieving herd immunity.

Main Methods:

• Review of COVID-19 vaccination data and progress in Ethiopia.
• Analysis of reported challenges including vaccine hesitancy, infrastructure, and disinformation.
• Examination of government and donor coordination for vaccine acquisition.

Main Results:

• Vaccine coverage in Ethiopia was 45 doses per 100 population by July 2022, far below the global average of 167.
• Major obstacles included widespread vaccine hesitancy (14.1%-68.7%), inadequate infrastructure, and significant disinformation.
• Healthcare workers also exhibited vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions:

• Coordinated action among government ministries and regional health offices is essential for equitable vaccine distribution.
• Building community trust through engagement with local leaders, religious groups, and media is vital.
• Continued public awareness campaigns on COVID-19 vaccination and herd immunity are necessary.