Inpatient Outcomes for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Hospitalized for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Patients with both peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease are at heightened risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although long-term risk has been well documented, contemporary in-hospital outcomes for patients with PAD presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are less well characterized.

We analyzed 493 740 AMI hospitalizations from 670 US sites in the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) Chest Pain-MI Registry between January 2019 and March 2023. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and major bleeding; secondary end points included cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, stroke, and new dialysis initiation. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, race, AMI type, revascularization status, and extent of coronary disease. We used the NCDR validated risk model for multivariable adjustment.

PAD was present in 36 274 patients with AMI (7.4%). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in patients with PAD compared with those without (8.23% versus 4.87%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.19-1.31]). Increased mortality persisted across age groups (<65 years: aOR, 1.42; ≥65 years: aOR, 1.18) and AMI type (non-ST-segment-elevation MI: aOR, 1.14; ST-segment-elevation MI: aOR, 1.46), with significant interactions by both age and AMI type. Among revascularized patients, mortality was elevated in those with PAD (aOR, 1.49). PAD was associated with increased rates of major bleeding (aOR, 1.23), particularly among revascularized patients (aOR, 1.31), as well as cardiac arrest, shock, heart failure, stroke, and new dialysis.

PAD was independently associated with markedly worse in-hospital outcomes in AMI, highlighting the need for risk mitigation strategies in this high-risk population.