Prevalence of Peri-Implant Diseases in Computer-Guided Implant Sites: A Cross-Sectional Study

The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and the risk indicators associated with peri-implant diseases (PIDs) in patients who were subjected to computer-guided implant surgery.

Patients that were treated and screened during regular maintenance visits at one university center were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Implants were diagnosed into the categories of peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis according to the 2017 World Workshop established case definitions. Bivariate and multivariable analyzes were conducted to identify local parameters and patient characteristics as associated risk indicators with PIDs, bleeding on probing (BOP) and marginal bone level (MBL) change.

A total of 115 patients with 417 implants were evaluated during a regular maintenance visit at one university center. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis prevalence in digitally-guided implant sites were 67.8% and 9.6% at the patient level, respectively. Former and active smokers, active or a history of periodontitis, implant loading time, plaque index (PI), and absence of soft tissue graft were significantly associated with peri-implantitis. Bruxism, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, and type of oral hygiene aid (OHI) displayed a significant association with peri-implant MBL changes.

The prevalence of peri-implant diseases in digitally-guided implant sites was comparable for mucositis and appeared lower for peri-implantitis when compared to previous outcomes with nondigital guided implant placement. Notably, patient-related factors and local clinical characteristics such as smoking, periodontitis, higher PI scores, and implant loading time were significantly associated with the occurrence of PIDs, while soft tissue grafting had a protective effect.