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Weight Trajectory Impacts Risk for 10 Distinct Cardiometabolic Diseases.

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Weight cycling, or repeated weight loss and regain, significantly increases the risk of serious cardiometabolic diseases like heart failure and type 2 diabetes, even in individuals with high BMI.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Repetitive weight loss and regain (weight cycling) may elevate cardiometabolic disease risk.
  • Weight cyclers often have existing conditions like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the association between longitudinal weight trajectories (stable, gainer, loser, cycler) and specific cardiometabolic diseases.
  • To investigate these associations in individuals with similar high baseline Body Mass Index (BMI).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized de-identified electronic health records from Vanderbilt University Medical Center (1997-2020).
  • Employed a landmark approach with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.
  • Analyzed relationships between weight trajectory and risk for ten prevalent cardiometabolic diseases.

Main Results:

  • Weight cycling increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea (~30%), MASLD (~30%), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (~23%).
  • Weight cycling significantly elevated heart failure risk by over 50%.
  • Both weight gain and weight loss also independently increased heart failure risk.

Conclusions:

  • The link between weight cycling and cardiometabolic disease risk persists regardless of high baseline BMI.
  • Maintaining weight stability or achieving sustainable weight loss is crucial for preventing cardiometabolic diseases.