Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

59.7K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
59.7K
Humanistic Therapy01:24

Humanistic Therapy

37
Humanistic therapies emphasize personal growth, self-understanding, and the fulfillment of human potential. Rooted in the belief that individuals inherently strive toward self-actualization, these approaches encourage clients to explore their feelings and experiences in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic approaches by focusing on conscious experiences, present circumstances, and the potential for self-improvement rather than past conflicts...
37
Psychodynamic Therapy01:29

Psychodynamic Therapy

56
Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
56
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

131
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
131
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

50
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
50
Horney's Sociocultural Approach01:27

Horney's Sociocultural Approach

474
Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theories emphasize the potential for self-realization and the importance of addressing social and cultural, rather than biological, factors in personality development. She challenged traditional Freudian views, particularly Freud's concept of "penis envy," which she argued stemmed from cultural influences rather than inherent biological differences. Horney believed that any sense of inferiority in women was a result of societal conditioning, such as...
474

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Feasibility of Creating a Teaching and Learning Kitchen for an Interdisciplinary Group of Medical Professional Students While Creating a Bridge With an Inner-City Miami Community.

Global advances in integrative medicine and health·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence in integrative medicine: Transforming education for a digital future.

Integrative medicine research·2025
Same author

Developing Medical Cannabis Competencies: A Consensus Statement.

JAMA network open·2025
Same author

Reimagining integrative medicine fellowship core competencies with a health equity lens.

The American journal of medicine·2025
Same author

Effects of Vegetable and Fruit Juicing on Gut and Oral Microbiome Composition.

Nutrients·2025
Same author

Developing a Novel Integrative Health Equity and Anti-racism Tool (IHEART) for Pilot Application in a Multicenter Integrative Health Elective for Medical Students and Resident Physicians: A Study Protocol.

Global advances in integrative medicine and health·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.7K

An Integrative Approach to HPA Axis Dysfunction: From Recognition to Recovery.

Melinda Ring1

  • 1Osher Center for Integrative Health at Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.

The American Journal of Medicine
|June 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, crucial for stress response and chronic conditions. It details HPA axis dysregulation causes, diagnostics, and integrative treatments for improved patient care.

Keywords:
AdaptogensAdrenal healthCortisolHPA axis dysfunctionIntegrative medicineStress response

More Related Videos

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
10:31

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Published on: September 25, 2014

13.4K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

5.7K
A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
10:31

A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion

Published on: September 25, 2014

13.4K
Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is central to the body's stress response.
  • HPA axis dysregulation is linked to numerous chronic health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence-based perspectives on HPA axis dysregulation.
  • To explore its pathophysiology, diagnostics, and integrative therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific evidence.
  • Analysis of contributing factors to HPA axis dysfunction.
  • Overview of diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identified key factors: psychological stress, genetics, diet, gut health, immune interactions, inflammation, toxins, and hormones.
  • Outlined diagnostic tests including serum and salivary cortisol.
  • Detailed integrative therapies: patient-provider relationship, stress reduction, lifestyle, diet, supplements, and adaptogens.

Conclusions:

  • An integrative approach to HPA axis dysfunction supports individualized care.
  • This model bridges conventional endocrinology and functional medicine.
  • Empowers providers to address symptoms like fatigue, insomnia, and mood instability.