Clinical approach to anatomical variations of maxillary sinus - a surgical perspective

The maxillary sinus, the largest of the paranasal sinuses, is a structure of great clinical importance for numerous specialists. While the typical sinus anatomy is widely known, awareness regarding anatomical variations is less widespread. The aim of this study was to highlight the clinical significance of co-existing anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus.

This study presents radiological findings noted in computed tomography (CT) scans of three patients referred to the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery with symptoms of maxillary sinus diseases. In addition to the cause of symptoms, the presence was noted of an ethmomaxillary sinus (case report 1), maxillary sinus (Underwood's) septa, pneumatisation and accessory maxillary ostia (case report 2). Moreover, silent sinus syndrome is presented (case report 3).

Surgeons operating on the maxillary sinus should be aware of anatomical variations, which may affect the procedure outcomes and safety. The presence of coexisting anatomical variations can be challenging to the operator.