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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Generation of Chimeric Axolotls with Mutant Haploid Limbs Through Embryonic Grafting
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A Characterization of Axolotl Digit Regeneration: Conserved Mechanisms, Divergent Patterning, and a Critical Role for

Jackson R Griffiths1, Melissa Miller1, Timothy J Duerr1,2

  • 1Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Axolotl digit regeneration shares some similarities with limb regeneration but diverges in key patterning gene expression. This study highlights the complexity of tissue regeneration and identifies factors influencing joint repair.

Keywords:
AxolotlDigitHedgehog signalingNerve DependencyPatterningRegeneration

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Amphibian Research

Background:

  • Axolotl limbs are a model for regeneration.
  • Digit regeneration offers a simpler system to study complex tissue regrowth.
  • Understanding digit regeneration can reveal fundamental principles of appendage patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize axolotl digit regeneration morphologically and molecularly.
  • To compare digit regeneration with classical limb regeneration.
  • To identify factors influencing joint regeneration fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological staging of digit blastemas.
  • Molecular analysis of gene expression (e.g., patterning genes).
  • Functional experiments assessing signaling pathway roles (e.g., Hedgehog signaling).

Main Results:

  • Digit blastemas share conserved regenerative features like nerve dependence and key cell populations.
  • Minimal expression of anterior-posterior (A-P) patterning genes (Shh, Fgf8, Grem1) suggests alternative distal outgrowth mechanisms.
  • Joint regeneration fidelity varies and is not explained by nerve supply, proliferation, or assessed patterning gene expression.
  • Hedgehog signaling is crucial for interphalangeal joint regeneration, but insufficient alone to enhance fidelity in less robust digits.

Conclusions:

  • Axolotl digit regeneration presents a unique model with conserved and divergent features compared to limb regeneration.
  • Distal patterning may occur independently of classical A-P patterning genes.
  • Regenerative fidelity variation in digits is complex and requires further investigation.
  • This system is ideal for identifying critical determinants of successful tissue regeneration and appendage patterning.