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The Association Between Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypertension: A Database Study

Summer Xu1, Sophia Angelo2, Jessica R Levi2

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|June 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to a higher risk of hypertension in children. Early diagnosis and treatment of OSA are crucial for managing hypertension in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Health in Children
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder in children.
  • Hypertension is an increasingly recognized issue in pediatric populations.
  • The relationship between pediatric OSA and hypertension requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and the presence of hypertension in pediatric patients.
  • To identify predictors of hypertension in children diagnosed with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the Nationwide Children's Hospital Sleep Databank.
  • Inclusion criteria: patients younger than 18 years with sleep studies.
  • Exclusion criteria: studies with continuous positive airway pressure, postsurgical studies, or confounding diagnoses. Logistic regression analysis was performed, controlling for BMI percentile and age.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of 2258 sleep studies revealed significant differences in age, weight class, and OSA severity across hypertension groups.
  • Moderate OSA was a significant predictor of primary hypertension (OR 3.20) and general hypertension (OR 2.45).
  • Age and BMI percentile were also significant predictors for general hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of hypertension.
  • These findings underscore the importance of timely OSA diagnosis and management in children to mitigate hypertension risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
hypertensionobstructive sleep apneapediatric

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