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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

795
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
795
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

486
Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
486
Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

618
Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
618
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

811
Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is...
811
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

496
Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
496
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

704
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
704

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Crisis Poison Pills.

Ofer Eldar1, Michael D Wittry2

  • 1Duke Univeristy.

The Review of Corporate Finance Studies
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

During market turmoil, firms adopted poison pills, leading to stock price increases. These crisis pills, especially those targeting activist investors, benefited shareholders by preventing disruptive ownership changes.

Keywords:
E32G30G32G34G38

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Area of Science:

  • Corporate Finance
  • Market Dynamics
  • Shareholder Activism

Background:

  • Periods of market turmoil often trigger defensive corporate actions.
  • Poison pills are a common corporate governance tool used to deter hostile takeovers.
  • Activist shareholders can significantly impact firm value during economic downturns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adoption and market reaction to poison pills during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To identify the specific firm characteristics and pill provisions that influence stock price.
  • To assess the impact of crisis-induced poison pills on shareholder value.

Main Methods:

  • Event study methodology to analyze stock price reactions.
  • Regression analysis to identify determinants of poison pill adoption and stock returns.
  • Analysis of poison pill provisions, focusing on anti-activist measures.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in poison pill adoptions was observed during the pandemic.
  • Poison pill announcements were associated with positive stock price movements.
  • Stock price increases were more pronounced for firms targeted by activist investors and those in crisis-vulnerable industries.
  • Pills with anti-activist provisions showed a particularly positive market reaction.

Conclusions:

  • Poison pills adopted during market crises, or 'crisis pills,' can be beneficial for current shareholders.
  • These defensive measures may effectively mitigate risks associated with activist interventions and market volatility.
  • The findings suggest that targeted poison pills can enhance firm value during turbulent economic periods.