Ethical, Legal and Social Issues in Utilizing In Vitro Gametogenesis (IVG) and Stem Cell-Based Embryo Models (SCBEMs)...

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine and Bioethics
• Demographic Policy
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Background:

• Singapore faces an existential threat from an ultra-low fertility rate and aging population.
• Economic stability relies on a skilled workforce, threatened by demographic decline.
• Novel reproductive technologies offer potential solutions but raise ethical concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the potential of In Vitro Gametogenesis (IVG) and Stem Cell-Based Embryo Models (SCBEMs) in addressing Singapore's demographic challenges.
• To analyze the ethical, legal, and social implications of these technologies in the Singaporean context.
• To predict regulatory outcomes for SCBEMs and IVG in human reproduction within Singapore.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of SCBEMs and IVG technologies.
• Assessment of alignment with Singapore's existing legal and sociocultural frameworks.
• Ethical and regulatory forecasting based on societal values.

Main Results:

• SCBEMs are predicted to be banned due to ethical concerns regarding human cloning.
• IVG is anticipated to be approved for specific clinical applications in assisted reproduction.
• Permitted IVG uses include treating primary and age-related infertility, facilitating transgender/intersex parenthood, and preventing genetic diseases.

Conclusions:

• IVG offers a promising avenue for fertility treatment in Singapore, aligning with national values.
• Strict limitations are expected for IVG applications such as posthumous reproduction and genetic enhancement.
• Singapore's regulatory approach will balance technological potential with ethical considerations and societal norms.