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Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

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Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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Light-Activated Molecules Targeting G-Quadruplex Nucleic Acids.

Marta Dudek1, Clément Cabanetos2, Marco Deiana1

  • 1Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Light-responsive molecules offer precise control over G-quadruplexes (G4s) for cancer therapy. This photopharmacological approach enables targeted DNA damage in cancer cells, advancing precision oncology.

Keywords:
G‐quadruplexcancerlight‐activated therapiesphotocaged ligandsphotopharmacologyphotosensitizersphotoswitchesprecision therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Photomedicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical DNA structures in oncogenes and telomeres.
  • G4 stabilization can induce DNA damage, a potential anticancer strategy.
  • Current G4 ligands lack spatiotemporal control over their activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review light-responsive molecular tools for G4 modulation.
  • To explore the potential of photopharmacology in precision oncology.
  • To highlight advancements and challenges in G4-targeted phototherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of photosensitizers, photocages, photochemically transformed ligands, and photoswitches.
  • Discussion of light-responsive molecules for G4 interaction.
  • Analysis of spatiotemporal control mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Light-responsive molecules offer OFF-ON switching for G4 modulation.
  • These tools enable precise spatiotemporal control over G4 dynamics.
  • A versatile photopharmacological platform for G4 targeting is established.

Conclusions:

  • G4-targeted phototherapies represent a promising next-generation cancer treatment.
  • Light-responsive molecules provide a novel strategy for precision oncology.
  • Further research is needed for clinical translation of these G4-targeting approaches.