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System 0: Transforming Artificial Intelligence into a Cognitive Extension.
Massimo Chiriatti1, Marianna Bergamaschi Ganapini2, Enrico Panai3
1Infrastructure Solutions Group, Lenovo, Italy.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking
|June 12, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence acts as "System 0," a cognitive extension before intuitive (System 1) and deliberative (System 2) thought. Frameworks ensure AI enhances human cognition without compromising critical thinking or agency.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Artificial Intelligence Ethics
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- AI systems are evolving from tools to active cognitive partners, influencing human thought processes.
- The Extended Mind hypothesis and Heersmink's criteria support AI's role as a cognitive extension.
- AI integration offers benefits like enhanced capabilities but poses risks such as sycophancy and bias.
Discussion:
- AI systems meet criteria for cognitive integration: reliability, trust, transparency, individualization, and transformative potential.
- The integration of AI presents a paradox: expanding cognitive abilities while potentially constraining thought through bias and sycophancy.
- Seven frameworks are proposed to manage human-AI cognitive integration effectively.
Key Insights:
- AI functions as a cognitive extension, termed 'System 0,' preceding intuitive (System 1) and deliberative (System 2) thinking.
- AI integration requires careful consideration of reliability, trust, transparency, and individualization.
- Addressing AI sycophancy and bias amplification is crucial for preserving critical thinking.
Outlook:
- Proposed frameworks include Enhanced Cognitive Scaffolding, Symbiotic Division of Cognitive Labor, and Dialectical Cognitive Enhancement.
- Further frameworks address Agentic Transparency and Control, Expertise Democratization, Social-Emotional Augmentation, and Duration-Optimized Integration.
- These frameworks aim to foster AI as a catalyst for enhanced human cognition, preserving agency and intellectual growth.
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