Neuroinflammation in chronic pain: Myth or reality?

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Immunology
• Neurology

Background:

• The term neuroinflammation (NI) is widely used, extending beyond its initial definition related to stroke, CNS trauma, or infection.
• NI is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Multiple Sclerosis), psychiatric disorders, chronic pain, and functional disorders.
• Evidence for NI has been reported in the brain, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and peripheral nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on neuroinflammation (NI).
• To critique the current broad concept and application of NI.
• To address the confusion between association and causation regarding NI findings.

Main Methods:

• Literature review.
• Critical analysis of the concept of neuroinflammation.
• Examination of evidence linking NI to various neurological and psychiatric conditions.

Main Results:

• The application of neuroinflammation (NI) has expanded significantly beyond its original scope.
• There is considerable dispute regarding whether observed findings truly represent inflammation or are merely associated with conditions.
• The conflation of association with proof of causation is a significant concern in the field.

Conclusions:

• The current broad use of neuroinflammation (NI) requires critical evaluation.
• Distinguishing between association and causal evidence is crucial for accurate understanding.
• Further rigorous research is needed to validate the role of NI in diverse diseases.