Leaf vein scaffolds for three-dimensional culture of PDLSCs-derived Muse cells

Periodontal disease, a significant global health burden, has encountered limited success with current therapeutic strategies to achieve full tissue regeneration. The emergence of Multilineage Differentiation and Stress-Enduring (Muse) cells presents a promising avenue for periodontal tissue regeneration. This study introduced a novel three-dimensional (3D) culture system utilizing Magnolia leaf vein scaffolds, characterized for their biocompatibility and evaluated for their impact on Muse cells' proliferation, adhesion, osteogenic differentiation, and exosome secretion. The isolation of Muse cells from Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) was successfully accomplished, with excellent compatibility observed with the plant-derived scaffolds. Notably, the 3D culture substantially upregulated osteogenic markers and promoted the formation of mineralized nodules, signifying enhanced osteogenic potential. Additionally, Muse cells in 3D culture exhibited a significant increase in exosome secretion, which were more effective in stimulating PDLSCs proliferation. The study concluded that plant leaf vein scaffolds provide a sustainable and effective platform for 3D stem cell culture, with the potential to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Muse cells in periodontal tissue engineering.