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A physiological perspective on neuroimmune tissue innervation.

Daniel A Waizman1, Andrew Wang2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|June 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms adapt to environmental changes through a network integrating the nervous and immune systems. This immune innervation allows for flexible physiological responses to perturbations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Physiology
  • Environmental Adaptation

Background:

  • Organisms face unpredictable environmental challenges requiring adaptive physiological states.
  • The immune system's ability to redistribute across tissues (immune innervation) is crucial for adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a model where the immune system and nervous system cooperate.
  • To describe this cooperation as a larger integrative network.
  • To explain how this network maximizes adaptive physiological states.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development.
  • Literature review on neuroimmunology and physiological adaptation.
  • Systems biology approach to network integration.

Main Results:

  • Immune innervation facilitates a coordinated response between the immune and nervous systems.
  • This integrated network enhances the organism's capacity to adapt to diverse perturbations.
  • The proposed network expands the repertoire of adaptive physiological states.

Conclusions:

  • The neuro-immune axis is a critical component of organismal adaptation.
  • Immune innervation is a key mechanism for integrating physiological responses.
  • This integrative network provides a survival advantage in unpredictable environments.