Correlation Between Type of Edentulism, Age, Socioeconomic Status and General Health

Background/Objectives: Edentulism is a significant public health concern, particularly among aging populations, affecting oral functionality, aesthetics, and overall health. This study assessed the edentulism status of patients at the Prosthodontic Clinic of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, and explored the possible correlations with socioeconomic factors such as age, general health, smoking, and alcohol consumption. This study aimed to inform public health strategies to reduce edentulism incidence and improve overall oral health outcomes in Romania. Methods: The current study included 208 patients (127 females and 81 males). Each participant completed a standardized data collection form designed to gather comprehensive information on socio-demographic characteristics (including age, gender, and environmental origin), self-reported general health, and lifestyle habits related to smoking and alcohol consumption. The clinical examination was performed by the same operator, recording the odontal and periodontal status, as well as prosthodontic evaluation (including Kennedy class). Results: Findings indicated that female patients had more frequent class 3 and complete edentulism in the maxilla, while males predominantly presented class 3 in the maxilla and class 1 in the mandible. The age distribution revealed that patients aged 20-40 exhibited the highest prevalence of Kennedy class 3, while those over 60 showed a notable increase in complete edentulism (p < 0.05). Although most patients were from urban areas, no significant difference was found between origin and edentulism class. A significant link between alcoholism and mandibular edentulism was also identified (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Edentulism tends to progress with advancing age, often leading to more extensive tooth loss and the need for comprehensive dental rehabilitation. The condition is closely linked to general health status, highlighting its relevance as a potential indicator of systemic health risks. Lifestyle factors, particularly smoking and alcoholism, appear to contribute significantly to the deterioration of oral health, underscoring the importance of preventive strategies and early intervention.