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Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
From the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Disorders to the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: Their Prevalence
Antonio Ruiz-García1,2, Vicente Pallarés-Carratalá3, Adalberto Serrano-Cumplido4
1Lipids and Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Pinto University Health Centre, 28320 Madrid, Spain.
Insights
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases affect over 10% of adults over 40. Key cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disorders like hypertension and heart failure are strongly linked to ASCVD.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) are a primary global cause of illness and death.
- Understanding current ASCVD prevalence and its links to cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) disorders is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine updated prevalence rates of ASCVDs in the Madrid Region.
- To investigate the association between CKM disorders and ASCVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study of 6588 adults from the Madrid Region's Health Service database.
- Prevalence rates were age- and sex-adjusted using Spanish population data.
- Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed relationships between CKM disorders and ASCVD outcomes.
Main Results:
- Overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence: CHD 3.8%, stroke 3.0%, PAD 1.8%, ASCVD 7.3%.
- In adults aged 40+, prevalence increased: CHD 5.6%, stroke 4.4%, PAD 2.6%, ASCVD 10.8%.
- Hypertension, heart failure (HF), hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, low eGFR, atrial fibrillation (AF), prediabetes, and low HDL-c were independently associated with ASCVD.
Conclusions:
- Over 10% of individuals over 40 have CHD, stroke, or PAD.
- Hypertension, HF, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and low eGFR are significant CKM risk factors for ASCVD.
- Targeting these CKM disorders is essential for reducing ASCVD burden.
Abstract:
Background/Objectives: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) remain the leading cause of morbimortality worldwide. The objectives of this study were to update the prevalence rates of ASCVDs and to evaluate their relationship with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 6588 adults selected through a simple random population-based sample from the Health Service database of the Madrid Region (Spain). Adjusted prevalence rates were calculated by the direct method, according to Spanish population data from the National Institute of Statistics. The relationships of CKM disorders with coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and ASCVD were assessed by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates among overall adults with CHD, stroke, PAD, and ASCVD were 3.8%, 3.0%, 1.8%, and 7.3%, respectively, and they reached 5.6%, 4.4%, 2.6%, and 10.8%, respectively, among people aged 40 years and older. The prevalence rates were higher in men than women aged over 40 years for CHD and ASCVD, between 50 and 69 years for stroke, and aged over 60 years for PAD. The mean ages of women and men with ASCVD were 74.9 and 70.2 years, respectively. Hypertension, heart failure (HF), hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, low eGFR, atrial fibrillation (AF), prediabetes, and low HDL-c were independently associated with ASCVD, highlighting hypertension and HF for all of them, in addition to hypercholesterolaemia for CHD and stroke, and specifically, AF for stroke. Conclusions: More than one in ten people aged over 40 suffer from CHD, stroke, or PAD. Hypertension, HF, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and low eGFR are the major CKM disorders associated with ASCVD.
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