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Unveiling Cytotoxic Bioactive Compounds from Erica carnea L.: Extraction Optimization, Kinetic Modeling, and

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Summary

Erica carnea L. extracts show potent cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Optimal extraction conditions yielded bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Ponomarev modelantimicrobial activityantioxidant activitycytotoxic activitynatural sourcethermodynamic parametersunsteady-state diffusion model

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Erica carnea L. is a plant with potential medicinal properties.
  • Bioactive compounds (BCs) from natural sources are increasingly investigated for therapeutic applications.
  • Understanding extraction parameters is crucial for maximizing the yield and activity of BCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of temperature, time, and solvent concentration on the yield and cytotoxic activity of BCs from Erica carnea L.
  • To determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process.
  • To evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the extracts.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction optimization using varying ethanol concentrations, temperatures, and times.
  • Cytotoxicity assays against Hep2c, RD, and L2OB cell lines.
  • Kinetic modeling (unsteady-state diffusion vs. Ponomarev model).
  • Determination of activation energy and thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy, entropy, free energy).
  • Antioxidant assays (e.g., DPPH) and antibacterial activity tests against multiple bacterial strains.

Main Results:

  • Optimal extraction achieved with 30% ethanol, 50 °C, and 80 min, yielding highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 values: 14.29-22.23 µg/mL).
  • Unsteady-state diffusion model best described extraction kinetics.
  • Activation energy ranged from 4.92-26.57 kJ/mol.
  • Thermodynamic parameters indicated an irreversible and endothermic extraction process.
  • Extracts exhibited significant antioxidant (DPPH IC50 = 16.55 µg/mL) and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities.

Conclusions:

  • Erica carnea L. is a valuable source of multifunctional bioactive compounds.
  • Optimized extraction enhances the yield of compounds with potent cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.
  • These findings support the therapeutic potential of Erica carnea L. extracts.