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Influence of Abutment Geometry on Zirconia Crown Retention: An In Vitro Study
Bayandelger Davaatseren1, Jae-Sung Kwon2, Sangho Eom3
1Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 13, 2025
Summary
The geometrical design of short titanium base (Ti-base) abutments significantly impacts the retention of CAD/CAM zirconia crowns. Hexagonal designs offer superior retention, potentially improving the long-term success of implant restorations.
Area of Science:
- Dental materials science
- Biomaterials engineering
- Implant dentistry
Background:
- Digital dentistry advancements enable efficient integration of titanium base (Ti-base) abutments in implant procedures.
- Ti-base abutments are crucial components in implant-supported restorations, particularly with zirconia crowns.
- Understanding abutment geometry's role in retention is vital for long-term restoration success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the retention of three distinct geometrical designs of short Ti-base abutments.
- To compare the mechanical retention of different Ti-base abutment shapes under simulated clinical conditions.
- To evaluate the influence of Ti-base abutment geometry on the retention of CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia crowns.
Main Methods:
- An in vitro study evaluated three short Ti-base abutment designs (Geo SRN multibase®, Herilink®, TS Link®), each 4mm in height with a 1mm gingival height.
- CAD/CAM technology was used to fabricate custom zirconia crowns bonded to the Ti-base abutments using resin-modified glass ionomer cement.
- Pull-out tests were performed at a standardized crosshead speed (1 mm/min) to quantify the retention forces of the abutment-crown complex.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in retention forces were observed among the three Ti-base abutment designs (p < 0.05).
- Mean retention forces were recorded as 194.65 N (Group A), 241.33 N (Group C), and 360.20 N (Group B).
- The hexagonal design (Group B) exhibited the highest mean retention force, indicating superior mechanical retention.
Conclusions:
- The geometrical design of short Ti-base abutments critically influences the retention of CAD/CAM zirconia crowns.
- Hexagonal-shaped Ti-base abutments demonstrate superior retention compared to other tested designs.
- Selecting Ti-base abutments with enhanced mechanical retention properties is recommended for improving the clinical longevity of implant-supported restorations.
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