A Histologic Study on the Use of Tooth as a Graft Material in Oral Surgery: Analysis of 187 Samples

Background: To reconstruct and maintain hard tissues over time, it is necessary to follow effective protocols and use appropriate materials. The selection of the graft material and its properties can also affect the final outcomes. For this purpose, numerous graft materials have been suggested. Among the valuable alternatives to these biomaterials, interest in using teeth as graft material has grown in recent years. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the histomorphometric outcomes of using tooth-derived materials when used as a bone substitute. Methods: We evaluated the histological results of autologous demineralized tooth graft material prepared using a Tooth Transformer device. A total of 187 histological samples from 186 subjects (52% male and 48% female, with an average age of 56.30 ± 12.97 years) were analyzed. The analysis focused on the total bone volume (BV%), residual tooth material (residual graft, TT%), and vital bone (VB%). The differences between the presence and absence of the resorbable membrane were also analyzed. Results: The amount of VB was 36.28 ± 19.09%, the residual graft TT was 9.6 ± 10.76%, and 46.96 ± 13.85% was the total bone volume (BV). The presence of membrane increased the amount of BV% and reduced the time to produce bone. Conclusions: The procedure using demineralized autologous tooth-derived biomaterial may be a predictable method for producing new vital bone capable of supporting dental implant rehabilitation and the use of membrane allow better results.