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Assessing Nitrosamine Migration from Drinking Water Contact Materials Using a Validated LLE-GC-MS Method.
Beatriz Antunes1, Andreia Videira2, Ana Penetra2
1iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 13, 2025
Summary
This study developed a new method to detect nitrosamines (NAs) in drinking water system materials. The validated method confirmed that tested organic materials meet safety standards for NAs.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Nitrosamines (NAs) are toxic disinfection byproducts that can leach from materials into drinking water.
- Human exposure to NAs is a concern, particularly from hydraulic hoses and seals in water systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a robust chromatographic method for quantifying 11 NAs in water leachates from organic materials.
- To assess the suitability of four organic materials for drinking water applications by testing for NA migration.
Main Methods:
- Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed.
- Method validation included linearity, precision, trueness, recovery, LOD, and LOQ assessments.
- Migration tests were conducted using demineralized and chlorinated water.
Main Results:
- The GC-MS method demonstrated excellent linearity (r² > 0.9989), precision (RSD < 12%), and trueness (error < 20%).
- Quantification limits (MQL) were below the reference limit for NAs in leachates.
- All four tested organic materials met the specified NA limits.
Conclusions:
- The developed GC-MS method is suitable for quantifying NAs in water leachates.
- The evaluated organic materials are safe for use in drinking water supply systems regarding nitrosamine contamination.
