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The brain uses predictive models to prepare actions, influencing motor excitability and decision-making. Individual differences in using these predictions relate to schizotypal and autistic traits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Bayesian brain theories propose predictive models for sensory evidence anticipation.
  • These predictive models may extend to the motor system, influencing action preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if predictive models influence the motor system, specifically cortico-spinal excitability (CSE).
  • To examine how prior expectations affect motor preparation and decision-making.
  • To explore individual differences in predictive processing strategies.

Main Methods:

  • 62 participants performed a probabilistic discrimination task.
  • Bilateral single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortices (M1s) was applied.
  • Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded to assess CSE for congruent versus incongruent actions.
  • Drift-diffusion modeling analyzed the influence of MEPs on decision bias.

Main Results:

  • Prior expectations modulated CSE, inhibiting preparation for incongruent actions.
  • Trial-by-trial MEP variations significantly impacted decision-making bias.
  • Individual differences in CSE modulation revealed distinct predictive styles: 'believers' (relying on priors) and 'empiricists' (downplaying priors).
  • These styles were linked to schizotypal and autistic traits, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive models are integrated into action representation.
  • Prior-driven CSE modulation reflects interindividual differences in predictive strategies.
  • This study provides insights into the neural mechanisms of predictive processing in action control and decision-making.