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Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Vision

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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

Published on: December 8, 2023

Functional Localization of Visual Motion Area FST in Humans.

Puti Wen¹, Rania Ezzo¹, Lowell W Thompson²

¹Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)

|June 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a human brain region homologous to the macaque fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST), crucial for processing complex 3D motion. This discovery offers a new framework for understanding human visual motion perception.

Keywords:

3D motion MT complex binocular vision functional localization fundus of the superior temporal sulcus middle temporal area

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Insights into Visual Cortex Research Through Wide-View fMRI Mapping

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Published on: December 8, 2023

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

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Published on: May 10, 2012

Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI

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Published on: February 3, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

The fundus of the superior temporal sulcus (FST) in macaques is vital for complex motion processing.
A human homolog of macaque FST has remained elusive, hindering understanding of human complex motion analysis.
Identifying a human FST (hFST) is key to understanding the neural basis of visual motion perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if a functional homolog of macaque FST exists in humans (putative FST or pFST).
To evaluate methods for localizing pFST and distinguishing it from nearby motion-sensitive areas like hMT and MST.
To elucidate the specific role of pFST in processing complex visual motion signals.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in nine participants.
Utilized 2D and 3D motion stimuli as localizers.
Employed population receptive field (pRF) mapping, motion opponency, and myelination measures.

Main Results:

Identified consistent activation anterior and inferior to hMT/MST for 3D coherent motion, but not 2D motion.
Confirmed functional and structural distinctions between the identified region (pFST) and hMT/MST using motion opponency and myelination.
Standard pRF mapping was suboptimal for delineating pFST, unlike its effectiveness for hMT/MST.

Conclusions:

Provided confirmatory evidence for a functional human homolog of macaque FST.
Established a robust framework for localizing pFST in human neuroimaging studies.
Underscored the distinct role of pFST in processing complex 3D visual motion, differentiating it from hMT/MST.