Nanomaterials for Combating Cancer while Safeguarding Organs: Safe and Effective Integrative Tumor Therapy

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally. Combating cancer while safeguarding organs (CCSO) has emerged as a specialized field that employs a multifaceted approach to cancer management. Postsurgery solid tumors face issues such as recurrence and organ dysfunction due to residual cancer, resection, inflammation, and infections. Adjuvant and preventive treatments may also impair organ function, adding to treatment challenges. This review delineates the multifaceted landscape of multidimensional nanomaterials, spanning from 0-dimensional nanoparticles to 3-dimensional scaffolds, and their collaborative roles in concurrent cancer management and organ protection. We underscore the importance of nanomaterial synthesis, functionalization, and responsive release mechanisms in the tumor and organ microenvironments. A comprehensive analysis of nanomaterial applications in integrated cancer management, including melanoma, osteosarcoma, breast cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer, is presented, highlighting their potential to overcome therapeutic challenges. The discourse also addresses the obstacles and future directions for nanomaterials for CCSO, offering valuable insights for advancing cancer management and organ protection. This review aims to enhance the comprehension and progress of nanomaterials for CCSO, fostering the development of more effective cancer management modalities.