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Comparative Analysis of Biomarkers in CAD: Evaluating Homocysteine, Lipid HS-CRP, Apo A, and ADMA
Sonu Kumar Singh1, Roshan Kumar Jha1, Ranjit S Ambad1
1Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is predicted by LDL, homocysteine, and TC/HDL ratio. These biomarkers, along with traditional factors, offer effective CAD risk assessment, as shown in a case-control study.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global health concern due to atherosclerosis.
- Identifying reliable biomarkers for CAD risk is crucial for early intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare traditional and emerging biomarkers in CAD patients versus controls.
- To analyze risk factors, biomarkers, and clinical traits associated with CAD.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 200 participants (100 CAD cases, 100 controls).
- Analysis of demographic variables, traditional risk factors (hypertension, smoking, alcohol), and biochemical markers including lipid profiles, homocysteine, HS-CRP, ADMA, and apolipoproteins (Apo A1, Apo B).
Main Results:
- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio were identified as significant predictors of CAD.
- The regression model demonstrated high explanatory power (R² = 97.2%), validating these indicators.
Conclusions:
- Traditional and emerging risk factors significantly contribute to CAD progression.
- LDL, homocysteine, and TC/HDL ratio are validated as effective indicators for CAD risk assessment.
Introduction:
Coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting from the narrowing of coronary arteries that supply oxygen to the heart, poses a significant global health challenge.
Materials And Methods:
To compare the levels of homocysteine, lipid profile, lipid ratios, HS-CRP, ADMA, and apolipoproteins in CAD patients with controls, this chapter analyzes risk factors, biomarkers, and clinical traits linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) through a case-control study involving 200 participants (100 CAD cases and 100 controls). The investigation focuses on demographic variables, traditional risk factors (e.g., hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake), and essential biochemical markers such as lipid profiles, homocysteine, and emerging biomarkers like HS-CRP, ADMA, and apolipoproteins (Apo A1 and Apo B).
Results And Conclusion:
The findings underscore the interplay between traditional and emerging risk factors in CAD progression. LDL, homocysteine, and TC/HDL ratio emerge as robust predictors of CAD risk. The regression model's high explanatory power (R² =97.2%) validates these indicators for effective risk assessment.
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